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South America Travel Guide
South America is a continent nestled between the Caribbean, the South Pacific, and the South Atlantic Oceans. It is the wilder part of the Americas and a continent of superlatives.
The world’s biggest rainforest and the largest river (Amazon), the highest mountain range outside Asia (the Andes), remote islands (Galapagos Islands, Easter Island and Fernando de Noronha), heavenly beaches (such as in Brazil’s Northeastern region), wide deserts (Atacama), icy landscapes (Patagonia & Tierra del Fuego), the world’s tallest waterfall (the 979m Angel Falls, in Venezuela) and one of the largest (Iguacu Falls, Argentina and Brazil), as well as several other breathtaking natural attractions.
Humans have left their mark on the continent too: from ancient ruins (Machu Picchu and other Inca cities; the Moai in Easter Island) and the oldest rock paintings in the Americas (at the Serra da Capivara) to world-class metropolises (Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires, Bogota, Caracas, Santiago, Lima and Rio de Janeiro), outstanding modern and European architecture (Brasilia, Buenos Aires), and charming cities built in the Andes (Caracas, Medellin, Quito, Santiago de Chile). Strong African heritage (in Salvador, Rio and Montevideo), genuine indigenous culture (Belem, Manaus, Cuzco, Lima, La Paz), and Eastern influence (Sao Paulo’s enormous Japanese community) mingle with the fingerprints of Iberian colonizers. Ushuaia, the world’s southernmost city, and some of its biggest festivities, such as Rio’s Carnival and Belem’s Cirio de Nazare, the Tango World Championship, and the Vendimia festival in Argentina, are also part of this incredibly diverse and attractive continent.
Top Tourist Attractions in South America
- The Andes – The world’s longest mountain range, and the highest outside of Asia.
- Canaima National Park – Its main attraction are the Angel Falls, at 978 m the highest waterfall on Earth.
- Easter Island – An isolated Polynesian island famous for its mysterious history and giant stone statues.
- Galapagos Islands – Isolated islands with unique wildlife: this is where Darwin saw the evidence for natural selection.
- Iguacu Falls – Breathtaking waterfalls on the border between Argentina and Brazil.
- Machu Picchu – High in the mountains, the lost city of the Incas is a spectacular set of ruins.
- The Pantanal – Large wetlands with diverse wildlife.
- Salar de Uyuni – Bolivia’s seemingly endless salt flats.
- Tierra del Fuego – Islands at the tip of South America, with rugged scenery, boat trips, and winter activities.
A sizable number of the world’s largest, longest or highest natural wonders are located in South America. Perhaps the first thing you will notice when looking on a map of the continent is the world’s largest rainforest, the Amazon, covering much of Brazil. Moreover it also features the world’s largest wetlands, Pantanal, Angel Falls, the world’s highest waterfall as well as the better known Iguacu Falls. Other bodies of water worth mentioning include the Amazon river (by some measures the world’s longest river and the one with the largest drainage basin), the world’s highest commercially navigable body of water Lake Titicaca, and the wide Rio de la Plata (between Uruguay and Argentina) which is more like a bay of the Atlantic Ocean.
In the west lies the “backbone” of the continent — the Andes. This mountain chain, which is the longest in the world, contains Aconcagua which at a height of almost 7000m is the highest mountain outside Asia. As the Earth is at its thickest at the Equator, the peak of Chimborazo (6268m) is the point in the world furthest away from the center of the Earth. Right next to these mighty mountains lays the Atacama desert which is the driest and possibly oldest in the world. The white spot in it that can be seen on satellite footage is the Salar de Uyuni. Located at 3,656m above the sea level it is — you guessed it — the world’s largest salt flat.
The Galapagos Islands 1000km off the coast feature an unique and fearless fauna (see Galapagos wildlife). There are several iconic and unique animals on the mainland too (see South and Central American wildlife), including llamas and other camelids, jaguars, capybaras, opossums and monkeys and on the other hand less pleasant creatures that are poisonous or spread tropical diseases. Another, equally famous island in the Pacific is Easter Island.
South America Vacation Rentals
While most people would think of South America as rainforest or desert, this is mostly but not entirely true — Los Glaciares National Park in southwestern Argentina will prove otherwise. Overall the climate and landscape of the far south actually recalls Norway or parts of Canada. Here you can find Ushuaia, the world’s southernmost city and a gateway to Antarctica. South America also holds the record for the world’s highest national capital La Paz, and at Chacaltaya you will find the world’s highest located ski resort.
It’s certainly not only in modern times that people have lived and worked in the Andes even at altitudes where you are likely to contract altitude sickness. Particularly in Peru and Bolivia, you will find many beautiful and famous archaeological sites from the age before the Europeans, connected by pre-Columbian Inca Trails if you want to get around the traditional way. Among them the most famous is undoubtedly Machu Picchu, but places like Chan Chan and Tiwanaku are also deservedly inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Peru also features the Nazca lines, constructed 1500 years ago for an unknown purpose and only visible from air.
The European heritage includes mining towns in the mountains, unsurprisingly a lot of churches and missions and other colonial architecture along the coasts. Of course, in places like Sao Paulo, Buenos Aires and Santiago de Chile you can also see skyscrapers archetypical to any metropolis in the world. And let’s not forget about Rio de Janeiro with its world-famous beaches Copacabana and Ipanema with the Sugarloaf mountain, Pao de Acucar, in the background.
South America offers a variety of cultural experiences. In the Andes, native traditions and languages still live strong. The east and south of the continent is more of a blend of cultures that immigrants from Europe, Africa and other parts of the world have brought with them; probably the best example of this is the Brazilian carnival.
Tourism has increasingly become a significant source of income for many South American countries.
Historical relics, architectural and natural wonders, a diverse range of foods and culture, vibrant and colorful cities, and stunning landscapes attract millions of tourists every year to South America. Some of the most visited places in the region are Iguazu Falls, Recife, Olinda, Machu Picchu, Bariloche, the Amazon rainforest, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Luis, Salvador, Fortaleza, Maceio, Buenos Aires, Florianopolis, San Ignacio Mini, Isla Margarita, Natal, Lima, Sao Paulo, Angel Falls, Brasilia, Nazca Lines, Cuzco, Belo Horizonte, Lake Titicaca, Salar de Uyuni, Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos, Los Roques archipelago, Gran Sabana, Patagonia, Tayrona National Natural Park, Santa Marta, Bogota, Medellin, Cartagena, Perito Moreno Glacier and the Galapagos Islands
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